Evaluation of the efficacy of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seed extract as platelet additive, in-vitro /
by Roniza Flor I. Guevarra and Kim Jasper M. Ramos.
- Indang, Cavite : Cavite State University-Main Campus, 2016.
- xix, 100 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm.
Thesis (BS Medical Technology) Cavite State University
Includes bibliographical references.
College of Nursing (CON) College of Nursing (CON)
GUEVARRA, RONIZA FLOR I., RAMOS, KIM JASPER M. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Extract as Platelet Additive, In vitro. Undergraduate Thesis. Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite. April 2016. Adviser. Karen Krista M. Escobar RMT, MSMT.
This study entitled "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Extract as Platelet Additive, In vitro" was performed to evaluate cacao seed extract as platelet additive that may be able to preserve and prolong the viability of platelet. This was conducted from March 21 to March 30, 2016. Generally, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cacao seed extract as platelet additive in vitro. Specifically, the researchers aimed the following: (1) compare the effect of platelet rich plasma added with cacao seed extract with and without agitation to platelet rich plasma with agitation in platelet survival; (2) compare the time of survival of platelet rich plasma with cacao seed extract with and without agitation to platelet rich plasma with agitation; and (3) determine the optimum concentration of cacao seed extract in preserving platelet. The cacao seeds were subjected to extraction by rotary evaporator; cacao seed extracts were prepared into three concentrations of 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent extract which were added to Platelet rich plasma (PRP) dispensed into cut empty blood bags. Seven treatments (T) were used in the study. Two trials with three replicates were used in the study. The extracts with PRP were treated with agitation (+A) and without agitation (-A). They were subjected at room temperature (20-24°C). The pH is measured by a pen-type pH meter. The acceptable pH range was 6.2 to 7.4 to consider the viability of the platelet.
PRP with cacao seed extract of 50 percent (T2) and 75 percent (T3) concentration with agitation preserved and prolonged the viability of platelet compared to treatment 1 (PRP+A) which was used as the control of the study. The time of survival of Ti was 5 days, which was also the standard shelf life of platelet. T2 had an average time of survival of 6.75 days, while T3 had an average time of survival of 6.17 days. Treatments without agitation also showed remarkable results even though there were studies stating that platelet can only last for at most 24 hours without agitation (Moroff & George, 1990; Hunter, Nixon, & Murphy, 2001). T5 (PRP +50% [-A]) had an average time of survival of 1.5 day. While T6 (PRP +75 [-A]) had an average time of 1.25 day.
The optimum concentration that preserved and prolonged the shelf life of platelet was at 50 percent cacao seed extract, with and without agitation. Although statistically, 50 percent and 75 percent concentrations had no significant difference with each other. This meant that both still exhibit the same effect as platelet additive. But the 50 percent cacao seed extract with agitation was the best platelet additive to prolong the life of platelets that even exceeded the control from five days to an average of 6.75 days. Due to many limitations encountered, the researchers recommended the following: (1) Follow up studies can be made by adding other factors to evaluate and to further determine the validity of cacao seed extract as platelet additive, in vitro; (2) a similar study of Matsumura et al., (2009) used a purified extract. Further studies can be made with purified extracts for possible observation of swirling effect that indicates the viability of platelet and to also further validate the study by having a microscopy examination; and (3) further studies can be made to evaluate the efficacy of cacao seed extract as platelet additive by conducting an experiment in vivo.