Herbicidal potential of nami (Dioscorea hispida) Vinegar against selected broadleaf weeds associated with onion production / by Artemio T. Bañaga.

Master's Thesis (Master of Science in Agriculture Major in Crop Production) Cavite State University.

Includes bibliographical references.

College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources (CAFENR), Department of Crop Science

BANAGA, ARTEMIO T. "Herbicidal Potential of Nami (Dioscorea Hispida) Vinegar Against Selected Broadleaf Weeds Associated with Onion Production." Master's Thesis. Master of Science in Agriculture Major in Crop Protection. Cavite State University. Indang, Cavite. June 2019. Adviser: Dr. Evelyn 0. Singson
The study was conducted from November 5, 2018 to March 31, 2019 at OMSC, Murtha (phase I) and at Bayotbot (phase 2), San Jose, Occidental Mindoro to explore the herbicidal potential of nami vinegar against balloon vine, spiny pigweed, false amaranth and tri-lobed morning glory. Specifically, Phase I aimed to: determine the percentage mortality and evaluate the biomass reduction of balloon vine, spiny pigweed, false amaranth, and tri-lobed morning glory respectively, applied with different concentrations of nami vinegar. Phase 2 aimed to: compare the efficacy of nami vinegar with chemical herbicide against balloon vine, spiny pigweed, false amaranth, and tri-lobed morning glory; and quantify the extent of damage of chemical herbicide and nami vinegar to onion leaves.
The study used completely randomized design with four treatments replicated 3 times for phase 1, and randomized complete block design with three treatments and 3 replicates for phase 2. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis statistics for transformed data. Ninety (90) ml of nami vinegar gave the highest percentage mortality of balloon vine, spiny pigweed, false amaranth and hi-lobed morning glory ranging from 51 percent to 73 percent. Tri-lobed morning glory has the highest percentage mortality among the experimental weed species, while spiny pigweed is resistant to nami vinegar through its C4 photosynthetic pathway, which tends to close their stomata during daytime and open at night. This mechanism provide them an ability to escape herbicide application. The biomass of balloon vine, spiny pigweed and tri-lobed morning glory were significantly reduced by different concentrations of nami vinegar. The lightest biomass (4.5 grams) was obtained by tri-lobed morning glory.
However, false amaranth obtained the heaviest dried biomass (mean=25.25 grams). On field experiment, the chemical herbicide-treated weeds obtained highest mortality ranging from 81 to 92 percent. Meanwhile, Nami vinegar produced 40 to 73 percent mortality of balloon vine, spiny pigweed, and false amaranth. The application of 90 ml chemical herbicide solution to 1 square meter onion crops can significantly damage onion leaves of about 11.5 percent. While the application of same amount of nami vinegar can damage leaves of onion of about 5.45 percent per square meter area. For better result, the same age and density of weed seedlings is preferred per unit area. Enclose each experimental unit with portable barrier during herbicide application to avoid contamination of the other units. Further study on nami vinegar effectiveness to other types of weeds is encouraged. Yield response of onion crop must be considered as another parameter of the effectiveness of nami vinegar herbicide to determine its economic potential.

Submitted to the University Library 11/27/2019 T-8698