Assessment of point and non-point sources of water pollution in the mangrove ecosystem at Bacoor City and Noveleta, Cavite Philippines / by Danielle Anne M. Aspera, Dianne Jerde Ann L. Bade and Melissa Lay G. Enrico.

Thesis (Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science) Cavite State University.

Includes bibliographical references.

College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources (CAFENR), Department of Forestry and Environmental Science

ASPERA, DANIELLE ANNE M., BADE, DIANNE JERDE ANN L., and ENRICO,
MELISSA LAY G. Assessment of Point and Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution in the
Mangrove Ecosysytem at Bacoor City and Noveleta, Cavite, Philippines. Undergraduate
Thesis. Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science. Cavite State University, Indang,
Cavite. June 2019. Adviser: Amyel Dale L. Cero, MSc.

The study was conducted from September 2018 to April 2019 in the mangrove
ecosystems of Bacoor City and Noveleta, Cavite. The study aimed to: (1) identify the point and
non-point sources of water pollutants in the mangrove areas of Bacoor City and Noveleta,
Cavite; (2) determine the water quality in the mangrove areas at Noveleta, and Bacoor City,
Cavite in terms of color, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, nitrate, pH, phosphate, temperature,
and TSS; (3) compare the water quality in the mangrove areas at Noveleta and Bacoor City,
Cavite to the standards of DAO 2016-08; (4) determine the practices provided by the
community to protect the water quality of the mangrove ecosystems; and (5) identify the laws
and polices being implemented by the municipality to protect the water quality of the mangrove
ecosystems.
The water quality data were assessed if they passed the standards set by DENR
Administrative Order 2016-08. Tagging of households with septic tank and household survey
were done to identify point source of water pollution in both sites while key-informant interview
and household survey were done to identify the nonpoint sources of water pollution in both
sites. The laws and practices implemented by the municipality to protect the water quality of
mangrove ecosystems were also determined through gathering of data, laws and practices
implemented to protect the mangrove ecosystems.
The point sources that were identified in Bacoor City are domestic sources, specifically
informal settlers, while in Noveteta, the only point source is informal settlers. Aquaculture and
Island Cove are identified as non-point sources in Bacoor City.
The results of the water quality anaiysis of water samples from the mangrove
ecosystems of Bacoor City and Noveleta indicate the presence of suspended matter and
sediment pollution and nutrient pollution. Furthermore, the level of phosphate in the waters
from two sites in the mangrove ecosystems at Bacoor City is above the
DAO 2016-08 limit during November 2018. Also, all sites in Noveleta during November 2018
and February and March 2019 had concentrations of phosphates above the limit. Meanwhile, in
terms of fecal coliform level, most of the sites are positive during November 2018 while all sites
in February and March 2019 are negative.

The practices that are done in Bacoor City and Noveleta, Cavite for mangrove
protection are mainly tree planting activities and coastal clean-up drive. Both areas implement
"no dumping of wastes" rule in the mangrove areas, which has a corresponding penalty for
those who are caught dumping either solid waste or wastewater.
Despite the presence of strict policies, presence of solid waste can still be obsetved
near the ripraps in Bacoor City. Furthermore, most of the interviewed residents who live near
the mangrove areas show lack of awareness about the laws concerning the protection and
maintenance of the water quality in their mangrove areas. They also have little knowledge
about the practices that are done by their community.
Strict implementation of solid waste management and compliance to proper easement
areas are recommended to lessen the dumping of solid wastes and to protect the water quality
of the mangrove areas. In addition, the relocation of the informal settlers is highly recommended
since they contribute to water pollution and solid waste. Activities that will educate and increase
the awareness of the communities regarding the protection of mangrove areas are also
recommended

Submitted to the University Library July 15, 2019 T-8323