Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate mixed with saba banana (Musa acuminate x balbisiana) and red banana (Musa acuminate Red Dacca) sap as an alternative mordant in gram stain / Ronnel M. Mojica.
Material type:
TextLanguage: English Publication details: Indang, Cavite : 2018. Cavite State University- Main Campus,Description: xiv, 126 pages: illustrations ; 28 cmContent type: - text
- unmediated
- volume
- 648.5 M72 2018
- College of Nursing (CON)
| Item type | Current library | Collection | Call number | Materials specified | URL | Status | Notes | Date due | Barcode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theses / Manuscripts
|
Ladislao N. Diwa Memorial Library Theses Section | Non-fiction | 648.5 M72 2018 (Browse shelf(Opens below)) | Link to resource | Room use only | RS-831 | 00017891 |
Research Study (Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology) Cavite State University.
Includes bibliographical references.
College of Nursing (CON)
EFFECTIVENESS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE MIXED WITH SABA BANANA (Musa acuminata x
balbisiana) AND RED BANANA (Muse acuminata Red Dacca') SAP AS AN ALTERNATIVE MORDANT
IN GRAM STAIN
Research Study
RONNEL M. MOJICA
CAMILLE ANNE B, RODILA
PATRISHIA MAE O, TORRES
College of Nursing
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
Indang, Cavite
May 2018
EFFECTIVENESS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE MIXED WITH SABA BANANA (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) AND RED BANANA (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') SAP AS AN ALTERNATIVE MORDANT IN GRAM STAIN
Undergraduate Research Study Submitted to the Faculty of Department of Medical Technology
College of Nursing
Cavite State University Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Research MEDT 24B
00017891
Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate mixed with saba banana (Musa acuminate x 648.5 M72 2018
RS-831
MOJICA, RONNEL M.
RODILA, CAMILLE ANNE B. TORRES, PATRISHIA MAE O. May 2018
ABSTRACT
MOJICA, RONNEL, RODILA, CAMILLE ANNE, TORRES, PATRISHIA MAE, Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate Mixed with Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) and Red Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') Sap as an Alternative Mordant in Gram Stain. Undergraduate Research, Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. Cavite State University. Indang, Cavite. May 2018. Adviser: Dr. Hosea dL. Matel.
This study aimed to (a) determine the effectiveness of Sodium bicarbonate mixed
with Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) and Red Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red
Dacca') sap can be used as an alternative mordant for gram staining based on color, clarity
and stability;(b) determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate mixed withSaba
Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) and Red Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca')
sap against Gram's Iodine in microscopic examination.
Two trials, eight treatments, three replicates and a control were used in the study,
eight bacteria were allocated to each treatment. The stained specimen was observed for its
color, clarity and stability. The staining ability of every treatment were developed and
categorized.
Sodium bicarbonate mixed with Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) and
Red Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') sap were used as an alternative mordant to
Gram's Iodine, exhibited a good color, clarity and stability. The treatment which has the
best staining ability has a pH of >8 because of its alkalinity.
All concentrations of Sodium bicarbonate mixed with Saba banana (Musa
acuminata × balbisiana) and Red Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') sap were highly
V
significant if it will be compared to the staining ability of Gram's Iodine. Saba Banana Sap
(Musa acuminata x balbisiana) has the highest rating compared to Red banana in terms of
mordant color, clarity and stability. The control and treatments exhibit slightly alkaline pH.
Eight bacteria was stained using Gram's Iodine as the control and was also stained using
Sodium bicarbonate mixed with Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) and Red
Banana (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') sap which also demonstrate its effectiveness as
compared to Gram's Iodine.
vi
TITLE PAGE...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
i
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA.....
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
ABSTRACT.............
TABLE OF CONTENTS...
LIST OF FIGURES..............
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES.
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES..
INTRODUTION..
Objectives of the Study.......
Significance of the Study......................
Time and Place of the Study...
Scope and Limitation of the Study..........
Definition of Terms....
Conceptual Framework.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.
Sodium Bicarbonate...
Banana...
Characteristics of Banana...
pH of Banana.
Saba Banana..
Characteristics of Saba Banana.
ii
111
V
vii
X
xi
xiii
1
3
3
5
5
6
6
8
8
9
10
10
10
11
vii
Health Benefits of Saba Banana...
Red Banana..
11
12
Benefits of Red Banana...
14
Health Benefits of Red Banana to the Body's Health...
14
Banana Sap...
15
Banana Sap in Medicine.
15
Adverse Effects of Banana...
16
Banana Sap Dye in Fabrics......
Work done on Banana pseudostem.....
Banana Sap's Important Constituents..
Storage...
17
17
18
21
Gram Staining...
21
Gram Positive and Gram Negative....
23
Biosafety Level 1 Bacteria.........
24
List of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria...
25
Gram Stain Reagents....
25
Composition of Grams Iodine......
27
Conversion of gram positive cells to gram negative.........
27
McFarland Standard...
METHODOLOGY...
Research Design...
Preparation of Materials.....
27
29
30
30
Collection of Plant Material..
30
Extraction of Plant Material...
31
Treatment Preparation..
33
viii
Preparation of Bacteria for Staining......
Smearing Procedure....
Staining Procedure...
Determination of Staining Properties...
Determination of Stability and Validity...
Criteria for Grading...
Data Gathering......
Likert Scale...
Proper Disposal of Specimen...
Statistical Analysis......
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS..
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION..
Summary...
Conclusion.
Recommendations.......
REFERENCES...
APPENDICES..
ix
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2 2 2
76
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1 Conceptual Framework of the Study.......
2 Illustration of the Grading System...
3 Flowchart of Methodology..
4 Schematic diagram of the study..
5 Gram's staining procedure..
6 Process of preparing the banana sap.
7 Collection and Processing of Plant Material.
8 Extraction and Processing of Banana Sap....
7
39
78
79
80
81
82
83
9 Treatment Preparation......
84
10 Bacterial Preparation McFarland Standard..
85
11 Bacterial Smearing Procedure..
86
12 Gram Staining Procedure.....
87
13 Decontamination Procedures..
88
X
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES
Figure
1 Flowchart of methodology
Page
78
2 Schematic diagram of the study
3 Gram staining procedure
4 Process of preparing the banana sap
5 Collection and Processing of Plant Material
6 Extraction and Processing of Banana Sap
7 Treatment Preparation
8 Bacterial Preparation McFarland Standard
9 Bacterial Smearing Procedure
79
80
81
82
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84
85
86
10 Gram Staining Procedure..
87
88
11 Decontamination Procedures
12 Staphylococcus aureus using Sodium Bicabonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
89
13 Staphylococcus aureus using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap.
90
14 Staphylococcus epidermidis using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
91
15 Staphylococcus epidermidis using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap.
92
16 Bacillus subtilis using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
93
17 Bacillus subtilis using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap
xi
94
18 Bacillus coagulans using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
19 Bacillus coagulans using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap
95
96
20 Enterobacter aerogenes using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
97
21 Enterobacter aerogenes using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Sap
98
22 Escherichia coli using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
99
23 Echerichia coli using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap
100
24 Serratia marcescens using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap..
101
25 Serratia marcescens using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap
102
26 Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Saba Banana Sap
103
27 Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Sodium Bicarbonate
mixed with Red Banana Sap
104
Xii
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES
Table
1 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Staphylococcus aureus...
2 Staphylococcus aureus mean scores for color...
3 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Staphylococcus aureus......
4 Staphylococcus aureus mean scores for clarity...
Page
105
105
106
106
5 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Staphylococcus epidermidis...
107
6 Staphylococcus epidermidis mean scores for color...
107
7 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Staphylococcus epidermidis.........
108
8 Staphylococcus epidermidis mean scores for clarity...
108
9 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Bacillus subtilis...
109
10 Bacillus subtilis mean scores for color....
109
11 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Bacillus subtilis...
110
12 Bacillus subtilis mean scores for clarity...
110
13 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Bacillus coagulans...
111
14 Bacillus coagulans mean scores for color...
111
15 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Bacillus coagulans..........
112
16 Bacillus coagulans mean scores for clarity..
112
xiii
17 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subject
Effects for Enterobacter aerogenes...
18 Enterobacter aerogenes mean scores for color.
19 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Enterobacter aerogenes...
20 Enterobacter aerogenes mean scores for clarity...
21 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Escherichia coli...
113
113
114
114
115
22 Escherichia coli mean scores for color...
115
23 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Escherichia coli...
116
24 Escherichia colimean scores for clarity.........
116
25 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Serratia marcescens...
117
26 Serratia marcescens mean scores for color..
117
27 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Serratia marcescens...
118
118
28 Serratia marcescens mean scores for clarity......
29 Mean scores for color in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Pseudomonas aeruginosa...
30 Pseudomonas aeruginosamean scores for color..
31 Mean scores for clarity in tests of Between-Subjects
Effects for Pseudomonas aeruginosa...
32 Pseudomonas aeruginosamean scores for clarity..
xiv
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EFFECTIVENESS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE MIXED WITH SABA
BANANA (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) AND RED BANANA (Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca') SAP AS AN ALTERNATIVE MORDANT IN GRAM STAIN
MOJICA, RONNEL M RODILA, CAMILLE ANNE B. TORRES, PATRISHIA MAE O.
An undergraduate research study submitted to the faculty of the Department of Medical Technology, College of Nursing, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology with Contribution No.
Prepared under the supervision
of Hosea dL. Matel, PhD. and Charmaine V. Rosales, RMT.
INTRODUCTION
Sodium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used
as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkalizer. It has a pH of
8-9, non-toxic and bitter taste. In microbiology, it is used as an assistant to mordant stain.
It may be added just before use to intensify the uptake of color.
Banana sap
is a well-known extract that can cause stain which cannot be
easily removed with bleach and soap. It is extremely sticky which can be used as an
alternative adhesive. Sap can be obtained from different parts of the banana tree. It has
some special properties relating to various phenomena such as browning of fruits after
harvesting caused by its polyphenol oxidase constituent and also permanent staining of
Submitted to the University Library 07/16/2018 RS-831